2017年托福写作热门素材

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素材段落

In 1973, the Indian government initiated a tiger protection campaign called ‘Project Tiger’ which was designed to help protect the diminishing tiger population. The tiger population was declining due to habitat loss, poaching and other human-related factors. During the campaign, twenty-five tiger reserves were established where human development and inhabitation was forbidden. On these reserves, the breeding of tigers has been facilitated, and mature tigers have been transported to other regions with the goal of increasing their worldwide population. At the same time, the campaign has organized the Tiger Protection Force to catch poachers and relocate villagers in the rural areas so that they are no longer living within natural habitats. As a result of these efforts, the population of Bengal tigers in India has increased from about 1,200 in 1973 to an impressive 3500 in 2007. Due to this fact, they are no longer on the brink of extinction.

单词和词组

diminish 减少

=decrease, decline

✎ diminish water and energy supply

✎ diminish government revenue by limiting commercial activities

with the goal of … 以…为目的

=with the purpose of …

✎ With the goal/purpose of establishing a more efficient basic education system, authorities are obliged to implement scientific teaching strategies for all primary schools.

on the brink of 濒临

=on the verge of

✎ on the brink/verge of starvation

句型结构

… where … 在这(那)里，地点状语从句结构

✎ There has been a large-scale migration of industrial workers from the countryside to the cities where many manufacturing factories are located.

话题词汇

濒危物种 endangered species

动物保护区 habitat conservation/preservation

对…有潜在威胁 pose a potential challenge/threat to

视而不见 turn a blind eye to

充耳不闻 turn a deaf ear to

以…为代价 at the expense of

弥补 make up for

采取各种措施保护 take various measures to protect/safeguard

素材段落

Conventional agricultural practices contribute to water pollution affecting both our health and the environment. Only 1% of the pesticides applied to crops actually reach the pests they target, while the remaining 99% of these chemicals enter the environment. The contamination of soil and groundwater changes our terrestrial and aquatic environment and poses a threat to native wildlife. Many species are dependent on clean water and are now endangered because of contaminants in the water. For example, synthetic fertilizers have resulted in an 8,000-square-mile ‘dead zone’ in the Gulf of Mexico where thousands of fish have perished due to oxygen deprivation. Contradictorily, organic agriculture usually uses animal manures as fertilizers which tend to enhance the soil structure as well as reduce the risk of groundwater pollution.

单词和词组

apply to 应用于…

✎ apply one’s mind to

pose a threat to 威胁到

=threaten, intimidate

✎ Many students endure too much pressure from their teachers, which poses a threat to their health and self-confidence.

话题词汇

环境保护 environmental protection

生态系统 ecosystem

生态平衡 ecological balance

环境污染 environmental contamination/pollution

环境破坏 environmental destruction

环境恶化 environmental degradation

排放化学污染物 discharge chemical pollutants

排放温室气体 emit greenhouse gases

适用考题

✎ Although modern agriculture methods damage the environment, providing food for the growing population around the world is more important than protecting the environment.

✎ Although many countries are concerned about environmental problems, the current situation is unlikely to change in the future.