定语从句that与who用法区别
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来源:才华咖 本文已影响7.01K人
导语:定语从句that与who用法你还不知?那么,小编现在为你整理定语从句that与who用法区别,希望对你有帮助,祝你学习进步!
两者都可用作关系代词指人,有时可互换,但以下几点需注意:
1.在all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody等词之后两者都可用,但以用that较普通。如:
All that [who] heard him were delighted.所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。
Have you met anybody that [who] has been to Paris?你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?
2.在序数词、形容词最高级以及the only, the same, the very等之后两者都可用,但以用that较普通。如:
Newton was one of the greatest men that [who] ever lived.牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。
He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。
3.引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只用who。如:
Mrs Smith, who has a lot of teaching experience, will be joining us next term.史密斯夫人很有教学经验,她下个学期将来与我们一道工作。
4.但是在下列情况,通常只用that():
①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。如:
I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。
②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)。如:
Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?
③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)。如:
Tom is not the boy (that) he was.汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个汤姆了。
关系代词that用法
that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。
一、that指代某物事时
1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:
(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告诉你的话。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以帮你的吗?
2.先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。
3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:
(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。
4.先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last等修饰时。如:
(6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。
(7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.
这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。
5.先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:
(8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6.先行词前有the same修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:
(9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。
注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:
(10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。
7.先行词为数词时。
(11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。
8.如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:
(12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。
9.以which作主语开头的.特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。
(13)Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班车?
10.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:
(14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。
11.关系代词在there be句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:
(15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
这是有史以来最快的列车。
二、that指代某人时。
1.泛指某人时。如:
(16)He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。
2.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:
(17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我们校长说话的那人是谁?
3.先行词前有the same时。如:
(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。
4.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:
(19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:
(20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
(21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?
(22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。
(23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
这是我第一次到国外去旅游。
(注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)
当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。
(24)I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。
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