托福阅读：实用的生词处理技巧

一、托福阅读考试 利用上下文线索猜测词义

1、根据同义、反义关系猜词

Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.

A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy

traditional与liberal意思相反，故选B。

2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测词义

Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing

together with them or laughed at them.

A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated

根据下文的`disliked playing together with them判断此处应为"感到孤立"，故选D。

　二、托福阅读考试 利用构词法猜测词义(利用前、后缀及合成词猜词义)

1、用前、后缀猜测词义

英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多，且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义，把握住这一点，可起到以不变应万变的效果。

1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.

overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成，over有"超过、过于"之意，overwork意思是"工作过多，劳累过度"。再如，overburden负担过重，overcharge要价过高，overdo做得过分。英语中常用的前缀还有：

mis-错，误：misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当

mid-中央：midnight半夜;midway半路

under-低于：underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估

anti-反对：antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂

下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词：

1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty为名词的标志)

2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志，再如realize, modernize)

2、利用合成词猜测词义。

Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.

根据短语构成及上下文意思看，此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发)，set out-outset(名词起始)，come in-income(名词收入) 。